• br Introduction Histamine was generally

  2022-04-22

  

  Introduction Histamine was generally accepted as a neurotransmitter in 1984, when histamine was first identified to be located in tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) of the brain (Watanabe et al., 1984). In mammals, histaminergic neurons play an important role in regulating multiple physiological activi

• br Conclusion br Introduction Gastric adenocarcinoma GA is

  2022-04-22

  

  Conclusion Introduction Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the third most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide. It is a highly aggressive cancer and 5-year survival rate (5YSR) is usually S-Adenosylhomocysteine synthesis might be one of the

• HDAC enzymes oppose the effects of HATs by

  2022-04-22

  

  HDAC enzymes oppose the effects of HATs by reversing lysine acetylation, an action that restores the positive charge of the lysine thus stabilizing the local chromatin structure. By removing acetyl groups from ε-amino lysines of proteins, HDACs not only alter transcription, but also promote either t

• While phosphorylation site motifs are typically described in

  2022-04-22

  

  While orexin site motifs are typically described in terms of residues that promote phosphorylation, negatively selected residues can also be an important component of substrate recognition. Such ‘forbidden’ resides can act as a filter to prevent phosphorylation of a site by the ‘wrong’ kinase, whic

• Ras small GTPases are critical molecular switches

  2022-04-22

  

  Ras small GTPases are critical molecular switches that connect extracellular signals to intracellular signaling pathways initiated by membrane receptors, such as growth factor receptors and G protein-coupled receptors (Simanshu et al., 2017). When shifting between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-b

• Routine administration of exogenous GC is pertinent during l

  2022-04-22

  

  Routine administration of exogenous GC is pertinent during late gestation, particularly in women who are at risk of delivering a preterm infant, aiming at ensuring proper neonatal outcome and survival (Kamath-Rayne et al., 2012). Unfortunately, despite its beneficial roles in foetal survival, variou

• mct2 pathway Despite the rapid development of synthetic liga

  2022-04-22

  

  Despite the rapid development of synthetic ligands, the endogenous ligands of GPR109A, GPR109B and GPR81 remained elusive until recently. This is probably the result of their relatively low potencies and their metabolite character (Table 1). Traditionally, agonists of GPCRs were believed to belong t

• Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Natural

  2022-04-22

  

  Acknowledgments Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730094, 81473262 and 81573299) is gratefully acknowledged. This project was also supported by the “111 Project” from the Ministry of Education of China, the State Administration of Foreign Expert Affairs of C

• GPR is a member of the G protein

  2022-04-22

  

  GPR119 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, and is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and intestinal endocrine cells. It has been proposed that GPR119 agonists modulate glucose homeostasis by indirectly stimulating glucose-dependent insulin release through enhancing pancreatic c

• To characterize the binding receptor for HIV gp in

  2022-04-22

  

  To characterize the binding receptor for HIV-1 gp120 in autophagy, we used the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and NMDA receptor inhibitor MK801 along with gp120 to treat the cardiomyocytes. Our data demonstrated that inhibition of the NMDA receptor significantly blocked the increase of gp120 induced autoph

• br Conclusion br Author statement

  2022-04-22

  

  Conclusion Author statement Acknowledgments Introduction The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important neurohormone network for vertebrates that regulates their gonadal development and maturation, guarantees their pubertal development and maintains their normal reproducti

• To verify DNA glycosylase AP lyase activity we

  2022-04-22

  

  To verify DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activity we have employed a simple and efficient method to investigate based on fluorescein-labeled duplex oligonucleotides read on an automated sequencer (Allgayer et al., 2013, Lopes et al., 2007, Lopes et al., 2008). This approach using purified CpMutY proteins

• Variants of NEIL were also analysed in Primary sclerosing ch

  2022-04-22

  

  Variants of NEIL1 were also analysed in Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients by Forsbring et al. to identify effect of variants on these diseases. Four variants were identified i.e., one earlier validated (G83D) and three novel (E181K, H275, R339W). E181K was fo

• cpi 1 In the latent inhibition model a conditioned stimulus

  2022-04-22

  

  In the latent inhibition model, a conditioned stimulus (CS) is pre-exposed alone without any consequences (i.e., unconditioned stimulus [US]) in the pre-exposure phase. The CS is then associated with a US to form a CS-US association. The strength of the CS-induced response in the pre-exposure group

• br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments

  2022-04-22

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A

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